To make accurate measurements the pyrheliometer must point precisely at the sun and this is achieved using an automatic two-axis sun tracker. An optional shading assembly can be fitted to block the direct solar radiation from reaching a second pyranometer, mounted on the tracker so that the 'diffuse' radiation from the sky can be measured. The sun tracker follows the solar arc using stepping motors, controlled by a micro-processor, that drive through belts or gears to provide horizontal (azimuth) and vertical (zenith) movement. An on-board programme requires accurate longitude, latitude, altitude, date, and time information for the measurement site. It then calculates the current sun position and points the tracker towards it. A sun tracker with pyrheliometer, pyranometer and shaded pyranometer makes a high quality solar monitoring station measuring direct, global and diffuse radiation. Such stations are widely used in meteorological networks providing data to weather forecasting models and for climate studies. The highest quality is the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN). Other applications include atmospheric chemistry research, pollution forecasting and materials testing. With increasing interest in renewable energy, good quality solar radiation data is becoming increasingly important. For electricity production (photo-voltaic systems) and thermal energy (solar collectors) the direct component is of particular interest. Activities include research and development, quality control, determination of optimal locations, monitoring installed systems and predicting the output under various sky conditions. |