| ✓ Fuel savings: energy recuperation, start/stop operation ✓ Optimum operating point of the combustion engine ✓ Corresponding reductions in pollutant emissions ✓ Noise reduction: power peaks supported by the noiseless electric motor ✓ Improved dynamic performance due to the torque characteristics of the electric motor at low speeds ✓ Downsizing of the combustion engine and better utilisation of rated power ✓ Positive impact on emission aftertreatment ✓ No starter or alternator required ✓ Potential efficiency savings by use of electrically driven water pumps, oil pumps, fuel pumps and cooling fans |