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OPERATING PRINCIPLE OF THERMOCOUPLES
Thermocouples (TC) are formed of two different metallic conductors which, under the effect of temperature, generate an electromotive force.
Thermocouples exploit the principles of the Seebeck thermoelectric effect. Seebeck discovered that in a circuit formed oftwo different metallic conductors A and B, when the two junctions are at differenttemperatures T1 and T2, current I, generated by an electromotive force, flows in the circuit, the quantity of which is directly proportional to the temperature difference between the two junctions.
Gefran thermocouples cover all the most common types of industrial temperature sensors, from low-temperature versions to versions with platinum thermoelectric couple and ceramic sheathing. Gefran also produces thermocouples in the three tolerance classes (1, 2 and 3) in conformityto EC 60584-2 standards.
TEMPERATURE LIMITS
Symbol
| Thermocouple type
Field of application
Temperature limit based on 0 of wires
J ANSI
| Calibration |
°C
1 0.35
0.51
0.81
1.02
1.29
1.63
2.30
3.26
I T
| Copper-Constantan
-200 - +390°C
|/
200°
260°
/
/
390°
/
/
I J
| Iron-Constantan
-200 - +760°C
|/
370°
480°
500°
540°
590°
690°
760°
1 E
| Chromium-Constantan
-200 - +990°C
|/
430°
540°
570°
600°
650°
900°
990°
1 K
| Chromium-Aluminium
-200 - +1270°C
|/
960°
980°
1000°
1040°
1060°
1090°
1270°
1 S
| Platinum 10% Rhodium-Platinum
0 - +1450°C
1 1380°
1760°
/
/
/
/
/
/
1 R
| Platinum 13% Rhodium-Platinum
0 - +1760°C
1 1380°
1760°
/
/
/
/
/
/
1 B
| Platinum 30% Rhodium-Platinum 6% Rhodium |
0 - +1820°C
11460°
1820°
/
/
/
/
/
/
TC9/AC9 TC10
Gefran thermocouples model TC9/AC9 and TC10 are designed for high-temperature applications (for example, heat-treatment industrial furnaces) or for direct immersion (for example, aluminum smelting furnaces).
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