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worldwide emission standard (passenger car and light duty vehicle)
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worldwide emission standard (passenger car and light duty vehicle) - 1

Worldwide Emissions Standards Passenger Cars and Light Duty Vehicles Innovation for the Real World

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worldwide emission standard (passenger car and light duty vehicle) - 2

Nothing beats our direct approach. Delphi gasoline direct injection. The Delphi Multec® GDi system bests competitors. Our injector has a lower noise signature, superior resistance to deposits. Its unique non-thermal, laser-drilled flow holes and closed loop control provide high precision spray and flow control. Includes low noise, high pressure pump and controller.

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worldwide emission standard (passenger car and light duty vehicle) - 3

EXHAUST EMISSIONS STANDARD Economic Commission for Europe 4 European Union Type Approval&Vehicle Categories 4 Other Areas oftheWorld 36-38 EMISSIONS RELATED REQUIREMENTS European On-Board Diagnostics US CARB OBD II - Gasoline Vehicles 49-51 Fuel Consumption - C02 Emissions EU Reference Test Fuels 76 US Reference Test Fuels 77-78 EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS STANDARDS Conventional US/EUTest Procedures 80 Enhanced Evaporative Emissions 81-83 On-Board Refuelling Vapour Recovery 84-85

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worldwide emission standard (passenger car and light duty vehicle) - 4

Wonder why our Diesel common rail systems are so popular? Delphi’s light duty Diesel common rail systems offer attractive features to help meet Euro 6 Step 2 and Euro 7 standards. Such as a range of state-of-the-art injectors. And a new generation pumps, driven by powerful controllers with advanced control strategies.

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TOXIC EMISSIONS STANDARDS PASSENGER VEHICLES STANDARDS 2000 New Short Term Standards 10/15+11 mode cycles 2005 New Short Term Standards 10/15+11 mode cycles Standards on 10/15+11 mode cycles 2009 Post New Long Term Standards JC08 mode cycle EUROPE Revised Urban + EUDC Cycle Urban + EUDC Cycle * Euro 6c test cycle WLTC: to be confirmed ULEV SULEV

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EXHAUST EMISSIONS STANDARDS ECE ECE regulations are similar to EU directives. A base regulation is updated with a Directive 70/156/EC, as amended by Directive 2007/46/EC consecutive series of amendments. Dates of implementation differ from country to Sub- Number Mass Limit country, depending on the approval status of the respective amendment in that country. Category Description category of Persons The series of ECE-R-83 regulations is reflecting the Euro 1-6 regulations. A world harmonized procedure / cycle (WLTP; WLTC) is in preparation (see page 13). Up to M1 GVW ≤ 3.500 kg 1) 9 Persons...

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EUROPEAN UNION EURO 1-4 - PASSENGER CARS M (≤ 2,5 T GVW, ≤ 6 SEATS) Directive Text Number Application Date month/year TA: Jul 1992 TA: Jan 1996 TA: Jan 2000 TA: Jan 2005 FR: Jan 1993 FR: Jan 1997 FR: Jan 2001 FR: Jan 2006 Test type - URBAN (40 sec idle) URBAN (40 sec idle) Rev. Urban (10 sec idle) Rev. Urban (10 sec idle) + EUDC + EUDC + EUDC + EUDC Combustion Type PI CI PI CI 2) PI CI PI CI 4) HC g/km - - - - 0,20 - 0,10 NOx g/km - - - - 0,15 0,5 0,08 0,25 HC+NOx g/km 0,97 (1,13) 0,97 (1,13) 0,50 0,70 - 0,56 - 0,30 CO g/km 2,72 (3,16) 2,72 (3,16) 2,20 1,00 2,30 0,64 1,00 0,50 PM mg/km -...

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EXHAUST EMISSIONS STANDARDS EUROPEAN UNION EURO 1-4 - LARGE PASSENGER CARS AND LIGHT DUTY TRUCKS N1 (> 2,5 T GVW, 7-9 SEATS, LDT ≤ 3,5 T) Directive Text Number 93/59/EEC 96/44/EC or 94/12/EC and 93/116/EEC Vehicle Class Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 ≤ 1250 kg 1) > 1250 kg > 1700 kg 1) ≤ 1250 kg 1) > 1250 kg > 1700 kg 1) ≤ 1700 kg 1) ≤ 1700 kg 1) Application Date month /year Test type - URBAN (40 sec idle) + EUDC URBAN (40 sec idle) + EUDC Rev. Urban (10 sec idle) + EUDC Rev. Urban (10 sec idle) + EUDC CombustionType Same limits for SI and CI engines PI CI PI CI PI CI PI CI...

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EUROPEAN UNION OTHER EURO 3-4 REQUIREMENTS • • • • On-board diagnostics requirements for gasoline, LPG, NG and diesel Enhanced evaporative emissions requirements Low temperature test for gasoline vehicles Quality of market gasoline & diesel fuels (Dir 98/70/EC as amended by 2003/17/EC) Measurement of HC and CO at -7°C (266 K) during the urban part of the revised NEDC (780 seconds) Deterioration factors are not applied Reference Fuel option with higher RVP and density Gaseous Fuel (LPG or NG) vehicles are exempt from the low temperature test EXHAUST EMISSIONS STANDARDS

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worldwide emission standard (passenger car and light duty vehicle) - 10

The benefits of Diesel common rail Now available for small engines. The Delphi Unit Pump Common Rail System leverages advanced Diesel common rail technology for small engine programs. It's a cost-effective, robust solution to help manufacturers achieve optimal efficiency and meet stringent emissions standards. Innovation for the Real World

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EUROPEAN UNION EURO 5-6 REGULATION - Vehicle scope M1 and M2, N1 and N2 vehicles as defined in Directive 70/156/EC with reference mass ≤ 2.610 kg Extension possible at the manufacturer’s request to M1, M2, N1, N2 with reference mass ≤ 2.840 kg - Exempted vehicles at Euro 5 stage Diesel M1 Vehicles designed to fulfill specific social needs: - Special purpose vehicles with reference mass > 2.000 kg (ambulance, hearse, motor caravan…) - Vehicles with reference mass > 2.000 kg and designed to carry at least 7 occupants From 01 Sep 12, no more valid for ”true” off-road vehicle - Vehicles with...

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worldwide emission standard (passenger car and light duty vehicle) - 12

EXHAUST EMISSIONS STANDARDS EUROPEAN UNION EURO 5-6 SPARK IGNITION EMISSION LIMITS " No exemption for gasoline Passenger Car 2) Applicable to gasoline Dl engines only 3) Test procedure defined in UN Reg 83 Suppl 7 4) Until 3 years after the dates for type approval / 1st registration particle emission limit of 6,0 x E12 may be applied to Euro 6 spark ignition Dl vehicles upon request of manufacturer EURO 5-6 COMPRESSION IGNITION EMISSION LIMITS Euro 5a I Euro 5b/b+ I Euro 6b / 6c Euro 5a I Euro 5b/b+ I Euro 6b / 6c Euro 5a I Euro 5b/b+ I Euro 6b/6c " Exempted M1 vehicles have to comply with...

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EUROPEAN UNION EURO 5-6 IMPLEMENTATION ROADMAP Vehicle Class 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Euro 5b OR Euro 5b+ 01 Sep 2011 Euro 6b 01 Sep 2014 Euro 6c 01 Sep 2017 M, N1 Cl I TA Euro 6c 01 Sep 2018 Euro 5a Euro 5b Euro 6b 01 Sep 2015 Euro 5b+ FR Euro 6c 01 Sep 2018 Euro 6b 01 Sep 2015 Euro 5b OR Euro 5b+ 01 Sep 2011 N1 Cl II, III, N2 TA Euro 5a Euro 5b Euro 5b+ Euro 6c 01 Sep 2019 Euro 6b 01 Sep 2016 FR Durability Requirements starting Euro 5: 160.000 km Assigned Euro 5 DFs: PI: CO: 1,5; THC and NMHC: 1,3; NOx: 1,6; PM: 1,0 CI: CO: 1,5; NOx and THC+NOx: 1,1; PM/PN: 1,0...

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