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Heavy Duty & Off-Road Vehicles
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Worldwide Emissions Standards Worldwide Emissions Standards Heavy Duty and Off-Highway Vehicles Heavy Duty and Off-Highway Vehicles

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NON ROAD MOBILE MACHINERY 65-93 European Union Vehicle Categories, Euro I / Euro II 9 California (CARB) Other Areas of the World 42-43 European On-board Diagnostics 45-46 California (CARB) On-board Diagnostics 48-54 Fuel Consumption - C02 Emissions 56-57 EU Reference Test Fuels 58-60 US Reference Test Fuels 61-63 Japan Reference Test Fuels 63 European Union Agricultural and Forestry Tractors 67-68 Recreational Vehicle Engines 82 California (CARB) Large Off-Road SJ. Engines 85 Off-Highway Recreational Equipment 86 Other Areas of the World 90 Test Cycles Ramped Modal Testing 93

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The energy to drive change. For more man 20 years, Delphi has had a proven track record innovating alternative energy technology. Now, we're continuing tradition with our Power Electronics product line. With high-value hybrid electric vehicle technology like HEV controllers, DC/DC converters, inverters, battery management systems, battery chargers and energy storage systems, we can drive costs down for you, your customers and the environment. From components to integrated systems, let us customize the reliable solution that works for you. delphi.com/eb-hev Innovation for the Real World

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ECE ECE regulations are similar to EU directives. A base regulation is updated in a consecutive series of amendments. Dates of implementation differ from country, depending on the approval status of the respective amendment in that country. ECE - R49/00-02 (applied to C.I. engines only) TEST UNIT CO TA COP R49 14 - g/kWh R49-1 11.2 12.3 R49-2: 2 stages Stage I g/kWh 4.5 4.9 Stage II 4.0 4.0 1) Stage I: applicable from 01Jul92 Stage II COP limits apply from 01Oct96 ECE - R49/03 content equivalent to 88/77/EEC, amended by 99/96/EC, (Euro III and IV standards) = approval of C.I. and NG and of...

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ECE ECE - R24/03 This regulation applies to the emission of visible exhaust pollutants from C.I. engines fitted to road vehicles. 2 tests are required: 1 - Speed Stabilized under full load 6 measurements shall be made at engine speeds spaced out uniformly between that corresponding to maximum power and the higher of the following two engine speeds: 45% of the engine speed corresponding to maximum power; and 1000 rpm. For each measuring point, the smoke measured should not exceed the limit values (SL) specified in the directive, which are a function of the air flow rate. The value selected...

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2 representative test cycles have been created covering typical driving conditions in the European Union, USA, Japan and Australia: - WHTC: Transient Test Cycle - WHSC: Steady State Test Cycle The GTR does not contain emission limit values. Exhaust Emissions to be measured: CO, HC, NMHC, NOx, PM, CO2, expressed in g/kWh. If GTR applied in a national legislation, the limit values should represent at least the same level of severity as its existing regulations. HD - Exhaust Emissions Standards M_norm_WHTC, final n_norm_WHTC, final normalized speed Application: C.I. engines and P.I. engines...

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ECE WHSC - World Heavy Duty Steady State Cycle It consists of a number of speed and power modes which cover the typical operating range of HD engines. Idle mode is separated in 2 modes: mode 1 at the beginning of test cycle mode 13 at the end of test cycle HD - Exhaust Emissions Standards Mode Length [s] incl. 20 s Ramp Normalized Torque [%] Normalized Speed [%]

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ECE General Test Sequence Engine preparation, pre-test measurements, performance checks and calibration Generate engine map (max torque curve) – Generate reference test cycle Run 1 or more practice cycles as necessary to check engine/test cell/emissions systems WHTC Natural or forced engine cool-down Ready all systems for sampling and data collection Preconditioning of engine and particulate system including dilution tunnel Cold start exhaust emissions test 10 +/- 1 min hot soak period (Amendment 2) Set PM systems in by-pass mode and change dummy PM filter to weighted sampling filter. Ready...

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Robust, high value controls for your next generation of commercial and off-highway vehicles. Delphi’s families of heavy and medium duty diesel controllers enable critical “real time” adjustments of fuel and air to help engines operate efficiently, reliably and economically. Delphi heavy duty transmission controllers improve overall throughput for quicker response to deliver optimal efficiency. And, all our controllers are designed to function in extreme temperatures and harsh vibration environments. They offer cost-effective solutions to help you meet the emissions, fuel economy and...

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EUROPEAN UNION VEHICLE CATEGORIES Dir 70/156/EEC as amended by Dir 2001/116/EEC Category Description Sub- Number Mass Limit category of Persons Up to M1 GVW ≤ 3,500 kg 1) 9 Persons Transportation M of Passengers M2 GVW ≤ 5,000 kg Over 9 Persons Min. 4 wheels M3 GVW > 5,000 kg N1 Cl 1 Max GVW N1 Cl 2 Transportation ≤ 3,500 kg N of Goods N.A. N1 Cl 3 Min. 4 wheels HD - Exhaust Emissions Standards Until Euro IV: 2 subgroups: M1 with GVW ≤ 2,500 kg and M1 with 2,500 kg < GVW ≤ 3,500 kg 1) Euro I - Dir 88/77/EEC amended by Dir 91/542/EEC Exhaust emissions of C.I. engines for vehicles > 25km/h...

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EUROPEAN UNION Euro III - Dir 88/77/EC as amended by Dir 1999/96/EC and Dir 2001/27/EC Limit values - Euro III - Diesel engines are tested on ESC and ELR cycles (see pages 18-19). NOx can be tested on ETC cycle (6.5 g/kWh) if required by TA authority - Diesel engines fitted with aftertreatment devices (PM filters, De-NOx) are tested on ESC, ELR and ETC cycles. - Gas engines are tested only on ETC cycle EEV = “Enhanced Environmentally Friendly Vehicle” = Type of vehicle propelled by an engine complying with the permissive emission target values shown in the EEV columns CO HC NMHC g/kWh CH4...

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EUROPEAN UNION Euro IV - Dir 88/77/EC as amended by Dir 1999/96/EC, Dir 2005/55/EC Dir 2005/78/EC and Dir 2006/51/EC - Diesel engines are tested on ESC, ELR and ETC cycles if required - Gas engine are tested on ETC cycle Emissions TA: Oct05 Unit - FR: Oct06 CO HC NMHC g/kWh CH4 1) NOx PM Smoke m-1 1) 2) ESC/ELR ETC ESC/ELR ETC Diesel only Diesel & Gas Diesel only Diesel & Gas 1.5 0.46 - - 3.5 0.02 0.5 NOx screening - “Cycle beating” • Cycle beating appeared from Euro III due to the use of smart electronics: Injection timing advance during transient operation (fuel consumption reduction)...

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