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Contents

A quite “everyday”technology

Page6

1. Solenoid systems for solenoid valves

Page81.1.Solenoid systems for solenoid valvesPage81.2.The basic operating principle of a solenoidPage81.3.Solenoid coils for direct current and alternating currentPage91.3.1. Solenoid coils for direct current Page91.3.2. Solenoid coils for alternating current Page101.4.Stroke-force behavior of DC and AC solenoidsPage121.5.Coil design and self-heatingPage131.6.Special coilsPage141.6.1. Solenoid coils with high-performance electronicsPage141.6.2. Impulse coilsPage14 1.6.3. Explosion-proof coilsPage151.7.Type of protection and electrical connectionPage151.7.1. Type of protection for electrical equipmentPage15

2. Functional principles

Page162.1.Fluidic circuit symbols, designation of the circuit functions and their meaningPage172.2.Direct-acting solenoid valves: plungersPage182.2.1. 2/2-way plunger-type solenoid valvesPage182.2.2. 3/2-way plunger-type solenoid valvesPage19 2.2.3. Direct-acting solenoid valves: pivoted-armature valvesPage202.2.4. Direct-acting solenoid valves: 3/2-way rocker valvePage202.2.5. Characteristics and possible applications of various solenoid actuators for solenoid valvesPage212.3.Servo-assisted solenoid valvesPage222.3.1. Servo-assisted 2/2-way solenoid valves with diaphragmPage232.3.2. Servo-assisted solenoid valves with pistonPage242.3.3. Force pilot operated solenoid valvesPage252.3.4. Servo-assisted solenoid valves with 3/2-way pilotPage26

3. Basics of dynamic fluid mechanics

Page273.1.Flow behavior of solenoid valves for fluidicsPage273.1.1. Differences with respect to application areasPage273.2.Flow behavior and kv value of fluidsPage273.2.1. Volume flow and mass flow Page273.2.2. k
v value Page283.2.3. c
v valueand QN
n valuePage283.2.4. Inter-relationship between volume flow and k
v valuePage293.3.Flow behavior with gasesPage293.3.1. Mass flow and volume flow with gasesPage29